生物絮技術在水產養殖的應用

陳瑤湖

國立臺灣海洋大學水產養殖學系

摘要

生物絮技術被認為是水產養殖業新的“藍色革命”。生物絮技術的概念是在養殖場域內建立並維護穩定的微生物聚落，以此聚落為養殖動物提供重要的生態服務，包括循環使用養殖過程產生的廢物，不但將過多的營養物質同化成微生物生質，豐富了天然食物鏈的基礎，而且將游離因而難以掌控的、潛在的污染源轉化或/及固化成有用的生物資源，同時又能排除環境中的毒性、抑制病原體滋生，為生物安全提供了更多的保障。生物絮技術在生態上的服務同時也為水產養殖生產帶來經濟效益，包括降低飼料成本、減少維護水質成本、節約水資源、提升活存率及成長率以及產量。本文將從：一、生物絮聚落在養殖系統中的動態，二、生物絮技術與水產養殖生產的互動，以及三、生物絮技術在水產養殖應用實務的三個層面來廣泛的回顧生物絮技術在水產養殖的應用。最後以生物絮技術研究的前景與展望作為總結。

關鍵字

生物絮技術、微生物聚落、零換水、氧動力學、碳氮比

Application of Biofloc Technology on Aquaculture

Yew-Hu Chien

Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University

Abstract

Biofloc technology is considered the new "blue revolution" in the aquaculture industry. The concept of biofloc technology is to establish and maintain a stable microbial community in the culture area, so that the settlement provides important ecological services for the cultured species, including the recycling of waste generated in the aquaculture process, which not only assimilates excess nutrients into microbial biomass, enriches the basis of the natural food chain, but also transforms and/or solidifies the free and therefore uncontrollable, potential pollution sources into useful biological resources, and at the same time eliminates toxicity in the environment, inhibits the proliferation of pathogens, and provides more assurance for biosecurity. The ecological services of biofloc technology also bring economic benefits to aquaculture production, including reducing feed costs, reducing water quality maintenance costs, saving water resources, and improving survival and growth rates, as well as yields. This paper will review the application of biofloc technology in aquaculture from three levels: (1) the dynamics of biofloc settlements in the aquaculture system, (2) the interaction between biofloc technology and aquaculture production, and (3) the application of biofloc technology in aquaculture. Finally, the prospect and prospect of biofloc technology research are summarized.

Keywords

Bio-flocculation Technology, microbial community, Zero water exchange, Oxygen Dynamics, Carbon Nitrogen Ratio(C/N)