一般民眾對「漁電共生」政策文宣認同度-以台南七股為例

洪宗德、陳瀅世

國立臺南大學生態暨環境資源學系

摘要

台灣推動能源轉型政策，「漁電共生」政策因應而生。本研究目的為探討一般民眾對「漁電共生」政策文宣認同度，並以台南七股為主要場域。調查方法是先深度訪談漁業領域學者，以及熟悉「漁電共生」政策之不同權益關係人，再施測網路問卷調查。網路問卷調查結果顯示一般民眾對政策文宣的認同度平均是「普通或不了解」，未達到「稍感同意」的程度。政策提及的附加價值獲得認同度最高，對實驗數據的認同度最低。影響政策認同度差異的因素為社經背景與資訊來源，例如報章雜誌資訊來源影響政策文宣提及的產業發展，而環境態度無影響。女性的認同度高於男性，服務業高於農林漁牧業者、退休者，高中職、大學教育程度者高於研究所，中部居住者高於南部、北部。深度訪談的專家認為「漁電共生」政策的法規不完善，缺乏溝通管道，無直接參與政策機會，使原承租戶漁民的權益處於相對弱勢；政策所提供的實驗科學數據非經過同儕匿名審查檢視，公信力不足，政策資訊非主動公開透明。

本研究建議改善承租漁民權益上的保障，政府應提供定型化契約，在政策文宣中加入風險評估，提醒光電板設備維護與承租養殖漁民權益，減緩鄰避效應；政策實施前的實驗數據應來自不同養殖物種的實證研究，並經審查後正式出版的研究成果。後續研究應持續追蹤政策實施後的評估，在漁民權益、產值、生態保育等等層面均獲得實質保障。

關鍵字

漁電共生、台南七股、政策文宣、生態保育、新生態典範量表

The General Public's Opinion on Fishery and Electricity Symbiosis Policy Propaganda: A Case Study of Qigu in Tainan

Zong-De Hong, Ying-Shih Chen

Department of Ecology and Environmental Resources, National University of Tainan

Abstract

This study aimed to survey on public opinion on fishery and electricity symbiosis policy propaganda of the Council of Agriculture in Qigu of Tainan, Taiwan. Stakeholders and scholars in-depth interviews on site were used to gather opinions and perceptions, then collected the general public's recognition through an online survey questionnaire. The result shows the general public's recognition was "Neither Agree nor Disagree or Don't Understand". The additional value was the most recognized content in the policy propaganda and experimental data was the least one. Socioeconomic backgrounds and information sources effected the general public's recognition, e.g. information from newspapers and magazines, while environmental attitudes had no effect.

The conclusions of interviewing experts: due to the imperfect laws and regulations of the fishery and electricity symbiosis policy, fishermen who rent aquaculture fish farm in Qigu have no way to communicate with the government and cannot participate the policy directly, become relatively weak; the scientific experimental data provided by the policy has not been censored and is lack of credibility, and policy information is not actively transparent and open. This research suggests that the government should improve the protection of the rights and benefits of chartered fishermen, provide standard form contracts; risk assessment, maintenance of photoelectric board equipment, the rights and benefits of chartered fishermen, reduction of neighboring effect should be added into policy propaganda; before the implementation of the policy, the experimental data should come from the empirical research of different cultured species and be published after censored, avoid only using the experimental data of clams to cover the output and value of other cultured species. It is recommended that follow-up research to evaluate the implementation of the policy, obtain substantial protection of fishermen's rights and benefits, output value, and ecological conservation.

Keywords

Fishery and Electricity Symbiosis, Qigu in Tainan, Policy Communication, Ecological conservation, New Ecological Paradigm Scale