低度利用漁港轉型方案：整合型多營養階養殖箱網應用於海洋資源復育放流

李宏泰¹、張詠政^2,3、黃宥恩²、廖正信¹、徐德華^2,3 

¹國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系
²國立臺灣海洋大學水產養殖學系
³國立臺灣海洋大學海洋中心

摘要

全球氣候變遷與過漁壓力導致沿近海漁業資源枯竭，使部分漁港因功能衰退而閒置，其活化與轉型已成重要課題。本文旨在綜述自2021年至2024年，於新北市貢寮區美豔山漁港建立全國首座「整合型多營養階養殖(Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture, IMTA)」中間育成基地之多年結果，探討此模式作為低度利用漁港生態轉型方案的可行性與效益。此系統利用漁港的遮蔽特性建置箱網，並導入IMTA模式，整合放流魚種(主要消費者)、牡蠣(濾食者)、鳳凰螺與海膽(食碎者)及大型藻類(生產者)，形成一個促進營養物質循環的微型生態系統。研究成果顯示，透過此模式進行中間育成，不僅有效緩解魚苗運輸緊迫、提前適應野外環境，各物種育成活存率可達83%以上。IMTA系統內的生物修復功能，使得水質(如氨氮、硝酸鹽)得以維持在未檢出的水平，避免對於環境造成額外的負擔。更為重要的是，本系統的結構特性亦成功發揮了棲地營造的效果，吸引了超過22科33種野生魚類及多樣的無脊椎動物聚集，顯著提升港區生物多樣性，展現出「其他有效保育措施(Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures, OECM)」的實質功能。因此，低度利用漁港轉型為IMTA中間育成基地，是一項結合栽培漁業、生態保育、棲地營造與社區參與的多效益永續發展策略，其成功經驗為臺灣海洋資源復育提供了可複製與轉移的創新典範。

關鍵字

中間育成、整合型多營養階養殖(IMTA)、低度利用漁港、資源復育、棲地營造

A Transformation Strategy for Underutilized Fishing Ports: The Application of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Cage Systems for Marine Resource Restoration and Stock Enhancement

Hung-Tai Lee¹、Yung-Cheng Chang^2,3、Yu-En Huang²、Cheng-Hsin Liao¹、Te-Hua Hsu^2,3 

¹Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University
²Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University
³Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University

Abstract

The depletion of coastal and offshore fishery resources, driven by global climate change and overfishing, has led to the disuse of some fishing ports as their functions decline, making their revitalization a critical issue. This paper summarizes the multi-year results from 2021 to 2024 of establishing the nation's first "Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)" intermediate culture base at Meiyanshan Fishing Port in Gongliao District, New Taipei City. It explores the feasibility and benefits of this model as an ecological transformation strategy for underutilized fishing ports. This system leverages the sheltered characteristics of the fishing port to set up net cages and implements the IMTA model, which integrates stocked fish species (primary consumers), oysters (filter feeders), phoenix snails and sea urchins (detritivores), and macroalgae (producers) to create a micro-ecosystem that promotes nutrient cycling. The research demonstrates that conducting intermediate culture through this model not only effectively mitigates the stress on fish fry during transportation and facilitates their early adaptation to the wild environment but also achieves survival rates of over 83% across all cultured species. The bioremediation function within the IMTA system maintained water quality, with levels of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate remaining undetectable, thus preventing environmental burden. More significantly, the physical structure of the system successfully created a complex habitat, attracting over 33 species of wild fish from more than 22 families and a diverse range of invertebrates. This has markedly enhanced the biodiversity within the port area, effectively serving the function of an "Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measure (OECM)." Therefore, transforming underutilized fishing ports into IMTA intermediate culture bases represents a multi-beneficial and sustainable development strategy that combines culture-based fisheries, ecological conservation, habitat restoration, and community engagement. Its success provides an innovative and replicable model for marine resource restoration in Taiwan.

Keywords

BIntermediate Culture, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), Underutilized Fishing Port, Resource Restoration, Habitat Creation